If it be friendship that you desire, then I am re Essay Example For Students

If it be friendship that you desire, then I am re Essay ady for itbut to be your subject, that I cannot be. As quoted by The famous quote of Chief Machemba, who resisted European conquest along with his tribal community. Throughout the 19th century, the powers of Europe sought control over Africa. The countries like Portugal, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Spain and Italy were involved in the colonization of Africa for the abundant resources that were available then. At the end of 1912 the only states in Africa that werent colonized were Liberia and Ethiopia. Liberia and Ethiopia were the only countries that werent colonized in the vast African continent. The conquest impacted the daily lives of African people relinquishing their resources. We will write a custom essay on If it be friendship that you desire, then I am re specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In conclusion, European imperialism in Africa had many negative effects. Africa was devastated by the wrath of the European empires, however the power of these nations stretched around the world. Europeans caused many negative problems in Africa. Many Africans, at that time felt that the Europeans got more out of imperialistic laws than they did, for example many Africans were treated poorly, but most of them were transported to other nations where they were subjugated to slavery with no freedom and separated from families. The Europeans saw themselves as superior over other races and wanted the cultures of these people to assimilate into their superior one, as they believed that the Europeans tried to change the religion, the language and the way of life of the colonized people, which shows how Europeans had little respect for native culture and customs. In addition, the colonial people had no control over their government or their countrys resources. Since, the European countries w ere often in conflict with one another, they stripped their colonies of their resources to fuel their might, which has made many African countries very poor. , In fact, the nominal gdp for all of Africa combined is less than that of Germany They also created division between the African tribes, which we all witnessed in the Rwandan genocide. This happened even decades after they left in the 1980s because the Belgians placed Tutsis in power over the Hutus. The Hutus were angered by the mistreatment, revolted and mass murdered the Tutsis killing about 500 000 to 1 000 000. As more of the Europeans came to Africa, they brought diseases like smallpox with them. The African people werent immune to this disease, which killed many. Also, most of Africa was stripped of its resources. However, in some cases, imperialism benefited the people of Africa. For example, missionaries caught attention of the African people by showing their generosity and their ways of Christianity. They built school s and medical clinics along churches by which the Africans received health benefits as well as but also education. Over 800 different languages approximately known during the 1870s and only 5 common languages were soon spoken by many Africans because of the missionaries who opened schools along with churches. In addition, imperialism also brought jobs and industry to the colonies and it introduced the ideas of constitutional government to the Africans. Imperialism is the total domination of the political, economic, or cultural aspects or a nation. Imperial colonization has been occurringsensethe beginning of time. An imperialistic nation would increase its importance and power by winning an empire. Some takeovers were forced by political rivalries. One nation might seize a territory to prevent a competitor from expanding into that region. Some nations would expand to boost their economic value, or personal wealth. Imperialism advances a countries politics, society, and economic val ue into a powerful money-making country.The political aspect of imperialism progresses a country from beingweekinto a strong fighting nation. For example, when the French were taking over parts of Africa, the communication ofthe two countriesincreased and they started to share the Suez Canal. Also, when the British government set up a system of Colonial rule, it controlled over 280 million Indians. Thus, encouraging officials to learn new languages. When the Spanish took over Latin America they constructed a Council of the Indies which issued over 400,00 orders to improve the cities. However,without society, politics would have gotten nowhere.The social aspect of imperialism was very important. First, by the colonization of countriesscientist could find causes and treatments to diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Also, Britain built canals, roads, and railways which opened Indias interior. The Spanish improved the Aztecs cities by making public waterways, paved and lighted st reets, and an invention the printing press. The society increased but when it enhanced the economics boosted also.The economics of imperialism is a major reason why nations would take over other countries. InAfricathey introduced better farming techniques like dykes and irrigation canals, which boosted the money growth. The British improved medical care that includeddoctor education, thus leading into a boom in the population. The Spanish exported crops and raw materials, making fortunes for the new government.In conclusion, imperialism is a vehicle of advancement. This promotion is brought to countries that arent strong enough to defendthem selves. In most cases,the economic value of the new country will increase. Therefore,imperialism advances a countries politics, society, and economic value into a powerful money making country. .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .postImageUrl , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:hover , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:visited , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:active { border:0!important; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:active , .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue2588bb5a38d60abaaa31c3e2520f5fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christina Harwood Essay INCLUDEPICTURE http://www.planetpapers.com/images/btn-sign-in-full-essay.png * MERGEFORMATINET

3 Killer WordPress Portfolio Tweaks to Make Your Site Awesome

Plenty of professionals flock to WordPress due to its low learning curve and ample set of features. Its the perfect solution for  displaying your professional achievements – that is, if you know how to use it. If youre not quite sure where to begin, lets talk about some killer WordPress portfolio tweaks!A great portfolio should meet three simple criteria  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ it should put the focus on your work, introduce yourself to prospective clients, and remain simple to navigate. Fortunately, all three are easy to achieve when using WordPress.In this post, weve selected three live examples of stunning portfolios, and here  well teach you how to replicate some of their design tricks. Lets dive in and look through these WordPress portfolio tweaks together:3 Killer WordPress Portfolio TweaksA.H.A. DesignA.H.A. Design is a London-based design company focusing on architecture, product design, and web design. Although we cant personally vouch for the quality of their work, their por tfolio caught our eye thanks to its unique style.What makes this portfolio stand out?A clean, uncluttered design.The subtle highlighting of the Shop  menu item.The use of circles throughout the entire site to highlight A.H.A. Designs past work.Lets elaborate a bit further on that last point. The first thing youll see on the  main page is a giant circle that showcases  previous works  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the rest of the portfolio appears below as big circle blurbs, including simple hover animations.Another aspect that makes this design choice stand out is the monochromatic color scheme throughout the site  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the portfolio pieces are the only elements that  have colors. This technique adheres to our rule about keeping the focus on your work. In fact, we like it so much well try to pull off a similar effect using our Zerif Pro theme as an example.WordPress Portfolio Tweaks #1: Use blurbs to showcase your workThe Zerif Pro theme enables you to replicate the effect weve just disc ussed using its Our Focus  widgets, as seen below in an example taken from the  live demo:After installing and activating the theme, we went into the live Customizer (check out this tutorial if youre rusty on how to use it) and modified the Our Focus widgets to display some example websites. To achieve this, we added some descriptive headers, removed the  four original  widgets, and replaced them with some of our own:Notice the colored borders on each example? This is a simple hover animation coded into the Our Focus widgets by default!SocioDesignSocioDesign is another London-based design agency whose portfolio site piqued our attention due to its unique style. Lets review our favorite parts.What makes this portfolio stand out?A minimalistic design featuring eye-catching images of previous SocioDesign  works.Their simple layout, which keeps navigation easy.The use of an asymmetrical grid to display part of a portfolio on the homepage.WordPress Portfolio Tweaks #2: Use an a symmetrical grid system to make your work stand outImage grids are a rather conventional design element these days – theyre efficient, but they can also get a bit monotonous. To change it up, designers sometimes break the mold a little  by assigning different sizes to some of the images, such as the example  from the SocioDesign homepage (visible above).This serves two purposes – it breaks the monotony of a regular grid, and also establishes a visual hierarchy. This means we automatically assign more importance to the largest section of the grid. If you want to create a portfolio on WordPress, this technique can help to guide attention towards the projects youre most proud of. We can replicate this effect using the Robo Gallery plugin: Image Gallery by Robo – Responsive Photo Gallery Author(s): RoboSoftCurrent Version: 2.8.26Last Updated: August 26, 2019robo-gallery.2.8.26.zip 88%Ratings 1,036,554Downloads WP 3.3+Requires After activating the plugin, this instructional video on the developers  official YouTube channel  will guide you through the process of creating custom (asymmetrical) layouts. Once complete, you can insert your new gallery onto any page by utilizing  its corresponding shortcode.You can also insert galleries by  using the Add Robo Gallery button located above the WordPress editor. This enables you to select from all of the available options for creating your gallery, and will also add the shortcode for you:If you followed the custom layout tutorial we linked to above, the final result should look something like this (albeit with different images, of course):MethodFinally, we come to  Method. Theyre  a creative agency with an eclectic portfolio thats impossible to ignore. Lets check out its highlights below.What makes this portfolio stand out?The main header and the section below it on the homepage make great use of the CSS transform property to achieve some excellent effects.The header also  meld s with the navigation bar thanks to its simple color scheme to make a strong first impression.There are links to multiple case studies included on the first page.Theres a strong call to action at the bottom of the homepage to close the deal.WordPress Portfolio Tweaks #3: Use a simple color scheme and a full-width header to make a strong first impressionOur favorite aspect of the Method portfolio is the animated full-width header. Learning how to use the transform property to achieve similar effects is a complex subject, so well stick to creating a simple color scheme and implementing a full-width header using the Zerif Pro theme again.The Zerif Pro default template includes a full-width header section that we can use. Create a new page, select the default template from the Page Attributes  meta box, save the changes, then  go into the live Customizer. Once here, choose the Big title section and customize its colors until they match  your main menu:Now we have a clean – albeit playful – full-width header that  shares a color palette with our menu, keeping things looking uncluttered.  Consider using a variation of this simple style the next time youre performing some WordPress portfolio tweaks!ConclusionAlong with a suitable theme, there are three basic criteria  for  creating a portfolio on WordPress – it should focus on your work, introduce yourself, and offer  simple navigation. Get all three right, and youll be well ahead of your competition.Consider implementing one or more of these three simple techniques when you begin  to create a portfolio on WordPress, and youll be hearing back from new clients in no time at all:Use blurbs to showcase your work.Implement a grid system to display your past projects.Combine a full-width header with a simple color scheme to make a lasting first impression.What do you think about having your portfolio built on WordPress? Do you have a portfolio of your own to share? Let us know in the comments section below.

Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Essays

Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Essays Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Paper Analyse the methods Charlotte Bronte uses to make the reader empathise with Jane Eyre Paper this shows shes aware that shes further down in the family and she just shrugs it off. She just seems ignored and unwanted in the family, and she knows that theres nothing she can do so had learnt to live with it. John Reed looks for Jane Eyre, as she is hiding behind the curtain with her book. Jane Eyre and John Reed have totally opposite personalities, as Jane is the innocent type that would just shrug her shoulders and move on. Whereas John Reed is the type who thinks he is higher than everybody else and will bully any poor soul that would take it, for example Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre gives a long description about him; giving the reader an impression that he is fat, and not the nicest looking child, . Large and stout for his age, with a dingy and unwholesome skin; thick lineaments in a spacious visage, heavy limbs and large extremities. Jane Eyre and John Reed do not get on at all as he is horrible to her, as Jane tells us how terrified of him she is, for example every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh in my bones shrank when he came near. There were moments when I was bewildered by the terror he aspired. The servants knew how John Reed was to poor Jane Eyre, but did not dare say anything to their young master as Jane tells us; the servants did not like to offend their young master by taking my part against him, and Mrs reed was blind and death of the subject: Jane Eyre seems to be being sarcastic about her aunt being blind and death, maybe because she doesnt want to say anything as it shows that she would be sticking up for Jane Eyre, so ignores it and pretends shes not seen anything. For an example of how master John Reed talks to Jane Eyre, and for the look you had in your eyes two minutes since, you rat! this is not a very nice way to talk to someone, and the word rat is usually associated wi th the words disgusting, dirty, vermin, diseases and scavenger and for a child to say that to another is not a very nice thing to do. John Reed is a very demanding child as he was asking her questions like what were you doing behind the curtain? and Jane answers really honestly I was reading she just gave a simple answer as she is scared of him so wont dare be cheeky to him. Show the book he replies, making the reader feel empathy for her as he is being so demanding towards her but she just takes it and hands over the book. You ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemens children like us, and this shows the reader that Jane is unwanted in the family, especially by John Reed. It shows that shes really low down in the family and you cant get any lower han being a homeless beggar, thats how low John Reed thinks of her. Then he goes on to talk about the house going to be his, this shows that he hasnt a care in the world, even about his mum, as the house will be his when his mother dies. He says all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years. So suspects his mum will be dead in a few years time. Charlotte Bronte uses several acts of violence to create suspense and mystery in the novel, as Jane Eyre gets a book thrown at her, as it says in the novel; I saw him lift and poise the book and stand in act to hurl it t hit me, and I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was sharp: my terror had passed its climax; other feelings succeeded. Here charlotte Bronte uses short snappy sentences to create a feeling of empathy. Jane Eyre got really angry, so was fighting back with John Reed; wicked and cruel boy she said. I felt him grasp my hair and my shoulder; he had closed with a desperate thing. I really saw in him a tyrant, a murderer. I felt a drop or two of blood trickling down my neck. this shows she has a reason for why she is fighting back, and again makes the reader feel empathy for her. Towards the end of chapter one Charlotte Bronte uses alliteration well for example fury to fly and picture of passion of which is also emotive language. She uses alliteration again in the beginning of chapter two, moments mutiny this is also an emotive and powerful phrase. Hold her arms, miss abbot, shes like a mad cat. This shows aggression towards Jane Eyre, and they are physically and emotionally suppressing her. When they talk about the word cat it again gives an impression to the reader that she is some sort of uncivilised wild animal and should be locked up. The reader may also think of a cat being fiery. Bessie (the servant) says if you dont sit still, you must be tied down they are treating her like a prisoner, yet she is only ten years of age. As incredulous of my sanity here Jane Eyre seems to have overstated the problem, making it sound worse than it actually is. Abbot described Jane Eyre as an underhand little thing. This isnt a very nice way to talk to a ten year old, and makes her sound evil. She also describes her as a thing. A thing may mean a human or an animal, as she has been described as an animal a few times in the novel, for example when Abbot calls her a mad cat and John Reed called her a rat. All these animal phrases give a negative affect to the novel. It is also a really strong use of emotive language, along with; painful and crushing, which is emotional and very negative, passionate and rude, and strike her dead these are good examples of how well Charlotte Bronte has used emotive language. Miss Abbot was saying about Jane Eyre, god will punish her: he might strike her dead in the midst of her tantrums. Jane Eyre is only a child, and thats something you dont say to a child, it may be suggesting she going to hell. Jane Eyre got locked in the red-room; this is a room where Mr. Reed had died in, so wasnt a very nice room for a child to be in, and was only visited occasionally, once a week by the housemaid to wipe the mirrors and the furniture a weeks quiet dust and Mrs Reed came in at far intervals to review the contents of a certain secret drawer in the wardrobe. The chairs were of dark polished old mahogany this shows the reader that the family must be wealthy, as mahogany is a very rare wood. The idea of mahogany adds to the whole idea of the red-room. Charlotte Bronte used the words red-room very well as its a good selective choice of wording, as its alliteration and its one that the reader will remember. The colour choice reflects on her life stage as she is just at the start of adolescence, where her periods will start and the colour also may be associated with anger and passion. It also tells us that the furniture is dark. It was silent as she was describing the room, it is like the room has almost taken her voice away, and gives a negative atmosphere. Being put in the red-room makes the reader feel sorry for Jane Eyre as she is only a child and is being treated unfairly. Describing the room again; also white and like a pale throne gives a deathly feel to the room, and is a ghostly colour giving the reader an impression that its used to create a negative feel to the novel. It sounds like Jane Eyre is starting to get hot and angry, and maybe a bit rebellious as she said my blood was still warm her mind also seems to becoming disturbed as she uses words like tyrannies, proud indifference and turned up in my disturbed mind Again these are all negative words, and again create empathy towards Jane Eyre. We know that Jane Eyre is understandably not happy about being in the red-room, so is slightly stubborn, being a typical child when they havent got what they want, she says she is going to let herself die; never eating or drinking more and letting myself die In the next paragraph of the novel the reader will feel empathy again towards Ja ne Eyre as she says I was termed naughty and tiresome, sullen and sneaking from. As we know she is not really naughty and is very innocent. Charlotte Bronte uses a persuasive technique by using a group of three words together, these were humiliation, self-doubt, forlorn depression. again this creates a really strong feeling of empathy by the reader. She then goes on to say I wiped my tears making the reader feel sorry for her as she isnt in the wrong and hasnt done anything wrong so shouldnt be punished. Jane Eyre seems slightly disturbed and obsessed with death as she is talking about dead men. Then Jane Eyre believes something is near, a light gleamed on the wall. Was it, I asked myself, a ray from the moon penetrating some aperture in the blind? No; moonlight was still, and this stirred; it was almost as if her mind was playing tricks on her and it was slightly superstitious. She may feel that somethings coming to get her, as shes alone and scared. Towards the end of chapter two Jane Eyre says to her Aunt Reed, O Aunt! Have pity! Forgive me! makes the reader feel sorry for her as she is only a ten year old child, begging her aunt to forgive her, its not often that a child of the 21st century would have the need to do that. Overall, I feel Charlotte Bronte has created empathy in the novel as I felt it towards her. The way Charlotte Bronte used a poor girl, with a rich family really worked well, as the rich family looked down upon Jane Eyre, (the poor girl) and thats what people did in the 19th century, and some still do it today, but not as much as then. Charlotte also used excellent use of emotive language, as it created empathy from the reader. The first two chapters of the novel has made me think more about the children with no parents, living with family or friends that dont really want them around! They must feel down and negative all the time.

Role Of Satirical TV Shows In People's Enhancing Political Awareness Essay - 7

Role Of Satirical TV Shows In People's Enhancing Political Awareness - Essay Example Satirical television shows help the audience to be more conscious of the news and politics by using comedies to expose the misconduct of politicians. Satirical TV shows provide are designed and comedies but has a rich content that exposes the truth of the political arena. First, the TV shows provide disclosure of hidden political agendas that the public are least aware of. The designers of Satirical TV shows use an exciting approach to tell the public of the mischief of politicians. These programs provide a detailed exposure of the information that covers the effects of the politics on the society and the specific country or even particular groups in the society. They cover a wide range of misbehavior patterns among the politicians and present them in a comical manner. Providing this information to the public allows people to learn about the behavior of their political leaders and this attracts their attention to be wary and more conscious of political behavior. In addition, the satirical TV shows make a direct attack on the political leaders, hence sensitizing them on the need to change certain negative behaviors. Most of the satirical TV shows expose specific political characters who have misbehaved and ridicule them. Actually, these shows mock negative political actions and sensitize the victims to change their behavior. As politicians are sensitive of their public image and the way these shows portray them to the society, they fear mockery and would rather come off clean. When these programs expose them to the public, they push them to change in an effort to reconstruct their political behavior. On this note, satirical TV shows provide the public with the real political images of their leaders and give the public the opportunity to push their leaders to change. In brief, satirical TV programs attract the people to contribute to changing the political arena.

Resolving Landfill Problem Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Resolving Landfill Problem - Coursework Example Environmental inequality usually rises when a community determines the rate at which it can pollute the environment without considering sustainable development measures. The attitude that is resistive to change in the environmental policies is considered by many to be anti-urban. Unfortunately, the most sensitive issue of the environment as both the people with color, without color, flora, and fauna depend on the Mother Nature’s environment has been ignored or made to look racist. This problem is mostly felt in the cities due to the large population dwelling in them. Due to this fact that with a large population there comes great responsibility that seems to be sadly ignored as the skies continue to turn black and brown in color. Efforts to change this by the environmentalists have been greatly sidetracked by the issues of racial ideology that seems to be predominantly in the people minds. It is unfortunate that the color of the skin determines who make the policies and those to implement them in the American society. In order to improve cumulative assessment, there are several factors that we must take into consideration. These factors include factors for us to achieve a sustainable urban planning. Hence, the community involvement is very important in determining the social, economic, and cultural parameters for any cumulative risk assessment. This will help us develop some more questions on the cumulative risk assessment and answer some questions. Currently, the landfill contains class II landfill that deals with construction debris. It is believed that the construction of Ngamia 1 and Ngamia 2 is expected to increase revenue for the State as these landfills will be more spacious and huge.  

Effective business communication

Effective business communication Introduction Although there is no universal definition of change, it has been explained in the terms of guises, transformation, metamorphosis, evolution, regeneration (Hughes 2006). Any alternations in the people, structure, or technology of an organization. It is constant yet it varies in degree and directions. It creates threats and opportunities for organizations. Change in the organisation take place for many reasons. It is sometime done in order to have new ways of doing work or organizing work. Noteworthy changes in the organization occur such as when organization wishes to change its strategy on the whole for success, the organization want to change the nature of its operations. The forces of change come through change in organizational strategy, work force, new equipment, employee attitudes, marketplace, government laws, technology, labour market and economical situations. Steps involved in change An organisations culture can be affected by a number of reasons which has been as under; The environment in which the organisation operates. The beliefs, values and norms of the employees within the organization, particularly those communicated by top management. The organisations size, history, ownership and technology also results in change within the organisation. Other factors includes trade unions, media and lifestyle of the people UnFreezing This is the first step that involves disturbing the equilibrium state of the prevailing status quo. This can be done by encouraging the individuals that they should adopt new behaviours and discard the old one (Burnes 2004). Moving According to an article published in the journal by (Burnes 2004), the step or block aims at shifting the behaviours of the individuals as well as the departments where the change is supposed to take place. The moving step aims to develop new behaviours and attitudes of the individuals. Refreezing This step called refreezing the change intended becomes permanent. The new way of organization is established according to (Burnes 2004) through new attitudes and behaviours. While considering the type of changes steps involved in the change is mention below The start of change process involves translating the need of change into a desire of change. The change may start with the formal announcement or it may be less explicit, but in some point it typically involves a review or project. A manager should diagnosis present state identify preferred future state for a better communication .The reviewing of present state help to identify the future challenges. Need/reasons for change In order to survive and prosper in competitive and changing environment, organisations also need to change. This may be brought about many influencing factors which may be internally within the organisation or in external environmental. Internal forces for change arise from internal activities and decisions. If top managers select a goal of rapid company growth, internal actions will have to be made to meet that growth. New department and technologies will be created so organisation will change according to that. What is Communication? Communication is the process of transfer of information. Communication means ways of sharing ideas, news, views, methods and techniques. Communication must involve two parties .It is vital part of almost every job. All companies and organisations demand it. Internal communication system The communication which takes place within the boundaries of the organisation is known as internal communication. (R Blundel k Ippolito 2007). Effective communication is an essential part of smoothly running business organisation. Communication involves the transmission of information from a source (or a number of sources) to receivers. The information is communicated in the form of a message(The times100 2009 1). For example a customer may request a new part from a supplier, with information on how to use that part in a piece of equipment. The supplier will then communicate with the customer setting out instructions for using the part, as well as sending a delivery note, invoice, and further sales literature. Increasingly these interaction will be carried out by electronic media such as through a sales website, e-mail communications and other means. Communication within the organizations is dynamic, two way(transactional) process can be broken into six phases The sender has an idea and want to share it. When sender put the idea in the form of message it means sender encodes it so that receiver can understand easily. Then sender transmits the message through a proper communication channel(spoken or written) and a medium(telephone, letters, email, report or face to face). For communication to occur, the must first get the message. After the transmission of message from the sender receiver gets the message which involves the understanding of message by receiver. Then the receiver decodes the message. The decoded message must be stored in the receivers mind. The receiver sends feedback after decoding the message from the sender, the receiver may respond the some way and signal that to sender. This internal communication process can be shown with the help of the diagram As the above fig shows that the communication process is repeated until both parties finish expressing themselves. Moreover effective internal communication try not to cram too much information into one message. The effectiveness of communications depends on: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theoryworking-together-business-communications388.php The clarity of the message. The quality of the medium used to transmit the message. The medium is the means of communicating e.g e-mail, telephone, letter, etc. Any distracting noise that prevent the message from effectively getting through. For example, if the recipient receives lots of email messages, they may fail to give proper attention to the senders message. The ability of the receiver to decode the message. For example, they may not be able to understand the instructions given. Supports of communication Verbal communication It is the spoken, oral, and unwritten way of communicating(Personal growth 2009 1). Non verbal communication Transmission of messages by a medium other than speech or writing(Business dictionary 2009 2).There are so many supports that can be taken for effective internal communication which mainly include Electronic mail This has rapidly become the most common form of written communication within the organization. It is the most easy and quick way of communication within the organization. Company websites A companys website will typically involve a portal or a section dedicated to internal communication with and between employees. Company databases In most of the large organisations including banks like Barclays employees will be able to access a number of company databases to communicate internally. Meeting Meetings is the also the most effective support to communicate effectively within the organizations. It can be formal or informal. In manufacturing companies like toyata teams of employees regurlarly meet to discuss issues like quality. Phone communication Phone communications are another important form of oral communication with most large companies having a lowcost internal telephone system. Internal memos, Voice mail, instant messaging, Faxing http://www.about-personal-growth.com/verbal-communication.html http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/non-verbal-communication.html An internal memo can be send by email to communicate with the employees within the organisation. Staff magazine, reports, notices and posters on staff boards provide other means of internal communication. Voice mails, instant messaging and faxing are also be used as supports for communication Impact of change on communication The change plays a vital role on the communication process. Communication calls change and change calls challenges like competition, globalization and technology. During the change process if communication goes wrong it can create huge impact on the organizations future. The impact of change can be positive or negative. Change can be of any type for example organization changing its policies or organization introduces new technology within the organization .There should be a proper communication as a result of any kind of change through a proper channel and support. In times of change, employee communication is vital to successful organizations. Let suppose if an organization want to change their technology then they should communicate and inform their employees so that they understand the change and adopt that change by the help of proper communication. Wrong communication like solider died in afghan calling wrong name, in place of doing right hand side operation doing left hand sid e can results in serious problems. Handle of communication at each level Communication among the employees of the organization is a essential for effective function. Organizational decisions are usually made at top and flow down to the people who carry them out. From top to bottom each person should understand, apply and pass it. For each and every level of organizational change top managers, middle managers and first line managers should co-ordinate whole work efficiently and effectively with the other employees. Top management should act as planner, leader, communicator and organizer. The lower level employees can help top level management by giving accurate, timely reports on problems, emerging trends, opportunities for improvement and performance. The formal communication network within the organization is shown below Obstacle or Barrier in the context of change No matter how good the communication system in an organisation is, unfortunately barriers or obstacles can and do often occur. This may be caused by a number of factors which can usually be summarised as being due to physical barriers, system design faults or additional barriers. Language Barrier Different languages, vocabulary, accent represents regional barriers. Words having similar pronunciation but multiple meanings. The use of difficult words poorly explained or misunderstood messages can result as a communication obstacle(E z articles 2009 1). Cultural Barrier Age, education, gender, social status, economic position, cultural background, religion, political belief, ethics, values, assumptions, aspirations, rules or regulations, standards, priorities can separate one person from another and create a communication obstacle. Individual Barrier It may be a result of an individuals perceptual and personal discomfort. Even when two persons have experienced the same event their mental perception may/may not be identical which acts as a barrier. Style, selective perception, halo effect, poor attention and close mindedness, insufficient filtration are the Individual or Psychological barrier. Organizational Barrier It includes Poor Organizations culture, climate, regulations, status, relationship, complexity, inadequate facilities, opportunities of growth and improvement. whereas, the nature of the internal and external environment like large working areas physically separated from others, poor lightening, staff shortage, outdated equipments and background noise are Physical Organizational Barrier. Interpersonal Barrier Barriers from Employers includes lack of Trust in employees, lack of Knowledge of non-verbal clues like facial expression, body language, gestures, postures, eye contact; different experiences, shortage of time for employees, no consideration for employee needs, wish to capture authority. While Barriers from Employees includes Lack of Motivation, lack of co-operation, trust, fear of penalty and poor relationship with the employer (Know 2009 2). Channel Barrier If the length of the communication is long, or the medium selected is inappropriate, the communication might break up; it can also be a result of the inter-personal conflicts between 1-http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Barriers-to-Effective-Communicationid=121001 2-http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/promotion-decisions/obstacles-to-effective-communication/ the sender and receiver; lack of interest to communicate; information sharing or access problems which can hamper the channel and affect the clarity, accuracy and effectiveness of communication. Dealing with an international team When we communicate with the people of our own culture we can communicate effectively. But if we are working in an international organization we have to communicate with the employees from different background and nationalities so there will be lots of challegenes that can be met while communicating with the international team which are mentioned below Cultural Challenges Culture strongly affects communication and a big challenge while dealing with the international team. For example when we want to communicate we encode message using the assumption of our own culture while the receiver will decodes the message using assumptions of his/her own culture so meaning may be misunderstood. The greater the difference in culture greater is the chance of misunderstanding. The other type of cultural differences are Contextual differences From culture to culture people convey contextual meaning differently. In high context culture people such as south Korea Taiwan rely on more on the non verbal actions and environmental setting to convey their message. In low context culture people like united states and Germany rely more on verbal communication. Contextual differences affect the way cultures approach situations such as decisions making, problem solving and negotiating. Legal and ethical differences Legal and ethical behaviour is also influenced by cultural context. For example, people from the low context culture value the written word, they consider written agreements and tend to adhere to laws strictly. But the high context people less emphasis on the written words. Social differences In any culture rules may be formal or informal. Formal rules are specifically taught dos and donts of how to behave in a common social situations. Informal rules deals with how males and females are supposed to behave. In some countries like india, Pakistan and Bangladesh women are not taken seriously as business people. But in the western countries women treated equally in business places. Culture also tell how people show respect and signify rank. For example in united states people respect top managers as Mr Bush or Mr Andrew but in countries like china show respect by using official title like President or Managers. Non verbal differences Non verbal difference is also another type of cultural challenge while dealing with the international team. People in Canada and united state usually take five feet gap during business conversation as compared to the people in countries like Arab, Germany and Japan feel uncomfortable while keeping this distance. Recommendations Managers act like a pillars for any organization. As mention above that the change in any organization can create threats and opportunities for the organization. Managers should plan a proper strategy of communication in the context of change. The strategy should include; Considering the likely effects of change and and planning for it well in advance. Adapting a flexible, democratic management style even though this may be within a formal organisational structure, in order to create a climate where change is easier to achieve. Motivate employees by understanding nature and perception. Tell their employees reasons and the benefits of change after the change process. Recognization of cultural variation in communication style. Manage disputes at each level. Manage problems of each employee like stress, depression, relationship, personal issues and differences. Identify clearer gaols and targets so That every ones knows what is to achieve and time scale involved. Training and retraining and new work. Monitor and review progress to regularly access progress towards goals and identify and overcome any difficulties. Manager should act like a communicator, planner, leader, motivator and controller. Bibliography Adler, R.B (2006) Communicating at Work, (8th Edition) McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages Hughes M(2006) Change management A critical perspective. Chartered institute of personal and development. ISBN 1-84398-070-3 References Bernard Burnes Managing change 4th Edition prentice hall Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewins and the Planned Approach to Change: A Re-appraisal. Journal of Management Studies. Vol.41, No.6 Higgs, M. Rowland, D. (2005). Exploring Approaches to Change and its Leadership. Journal of Change Management. Vol.5, No.2. John V Thill and Courtland Bovee (2002). Excellence in Business communication 8th Edition Pearson International Edition. John Hayes (2006). The theory and practise of change Management. 6th Edition London :Prentice Hall p233. Richard R L Daft (2005) Management 6th edition. R Blundel K Ippolito (2007) Effective business communication 2nd Edition Prentice Hall p13. Barriers to communication(2008). Available: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Barriers-to-Effective-Communicationid=121001. Last accessed 14 Dec. (2008). Non Verbal Communication(2009).Available: businessdictionary.com. Last accessed 11 Dec. Obstacles to business communication (2009).Available:http://www.knowthis.com/principles-of-marketing-tutorials/promotion-decisions/obstacles-to-effective-communication/. Last accessed 12 Dec. Personal growth(2006).Available :http://www.about-personal-growth.com/verbal communication.html. Last accessed 10 Dec. Working Together To Business Communication(2008).. Available: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theoryworking-together-business-communications388.php. Last accessed 11 Dec.

Media †Gaga and Audience Study Essay

Lady Gaga is beyond just a modern pop star; she is a product as well. From literally selling singles, albums and concert tickets, Lady Gaga is also selling herself as a brand. She is a media construct who is artificial and created for a specific target audience in the effort for the maximum commercial gain. Her ‘Little Monsters’ are the ‘buyers’ in the product and purchaser relationship and they not only buy into the idea of her as an artist but also as an icon and a brand. Her brand and image is established in several ways through her design including how she portrays herself as a modern pop package and her personality. She spreads awareness of herself through market and promotion including social media and music videos in order to maintain a convincing relationship to her fans. There are three main parties involved with this relationship Gaga has with her fans. First of all, her record label, Interscope who signed her in 2007 are part of a conglomerate, Universal Music hence they have identified her as a way to make a financial return on their investment and look to benefit from this relationship financially. Secondly, Lady Gaga is another party in this relationship. She also similarly benefits financially as well as being able to live her dream and passion of music or at least that is hat she is trying to portray. Lastly, her ‘Little Monsters’ are the last party involved. Made up predominately of teenagers to mid 30’s and also the gay community, they benefit from contributing to her success and ultimately finding joy and happiness from this. The main aim of the relationship is to maximise the commercial success from increasing sales of her physical products. Her design is a way in which Lady Gaga endeavours to establish and maintain a relationship with her audience. Two main aspects of her design include how she is a modern pop package and her personality while others include her look, religious cult figure and her name. A modern pop package refers to how Gaga produces music within the pop bracket but also how she follows international and local trends in terms of fashion or technology. This is an effective way for Gaga to create the relationship with her audience because of several benefits of a modern pop package. Firstly, pop music reaches out to a large audience not only on Top 40 music stations but in mainstream media in general. As a result there is an increase in appeal from a wider audience allowing the relationship to occur on a wider scale. Secondly, because the target age demographic for pop music would be the 15-35 age group and they have the most income available to spend on entertainment, she is able to maximise sales hence financial return for herself and her record label. In general pop music refers to music that deals with typical topics like love or fame or having fun. Gaga’s debut single, ‘Just Dance’ is an example of her work to show how she fits into this genre of music. It speaks about being free, having a good time reinforcing this idea that pop music is usually made for listening ple asure as opposed to real craft or message sending and ‘Just Dance’ certainly fits into the category. An increasing part of a modern pop package is appealing genuine and authentic to their fans and ensuring them that the relationship is genuine. Personality is another aspect of her design that enables Gaga to have a relationship with her fans. Her personality refers to her portrayal of herself to be genuine and that she really cares about her fans. The way in which she advocates difference is a main method in which she does this. This allows her to develop the relationship because by making individuals feel included and important, fans then feel that they need to repay her by giving her unconditional support. Examples of this would be at her concert in Auckland where she sings Happy Birthday to one of her fans, Minisha. She took the effort to learn the correct pronunciation of her name and this shows the audience how she really cares about them individually. Another example would be when Gaga ask the girls, â€Å"How short are your skirts? † This again allows hr to develop the relationship by making her fans believe that she is genuine and different from other pop stars and they consequently buy into the idea of how she the perfect pop star and role model that they should support. Her design comes with several implications. Firstly, there are contrary messages from Gaga as a result of being in the modern pop bracket. While she preaches difference and the positive of being unique and different, she herself produces modern pop music. This causes a contradiction in her image and raises the idea that difference is okay if you’re still in the main bracket or if Lady Gaga says so. Another example of where this had occurred would be when a source quoted that â€Å"Gaga slams Adele all the time, even calling her a fat cow†. Adele is a modern day artist that literally promotes difference, as she is evidently larger than most other pop stars today. This may raise the idea that Gaga is becoming threatening by Adele due to the similarity in advocating difference and may be what is developing into commercial envy. Overall this implication is reflecting on Gaga’s fans because it shows that even though she advocates difference, it really doesn’t mean huge difference, just enough to appear different with the aim of financially capitalising on this idea. The way in which is advocating different also raises an implication on the music industry as a whole. It is a well known fact that unless an artist is expected to make money for the record label, they won’t be signed. This raises how they have formulas, which have proved successful in the past, and therefore how Gaga must fit into this formula This is further implications on the music industry as a whole as well. Because Gaga’s success has proven that the formula works, more and more acts are conforming to this idea of utilising a brand image of appearing different for commercial success. Another example would be One Direction. Similar to Gaga, they are also a product in the way that they are in the business of selling not only their music but also her image with a consumer driven formula. They claim to be â€Å"different from boybands past† but it is evident they have the same boy band pop music with a human driven personality similar to the likes of Backstreet Boys etc. This shows how modern day music is about trivial differences that are clearly not that much different and as long as management companies portray the image of the likes of Gaga and One Direction that they are different then the fans will believe it despite them all following the same money making formula that is truly tested throughout the years. The use of this formula raises the issue of longevity. When there is an increase in the use of the difference idea, there becomes a slight problem of repetition. If too many stars consistently advocate difference then in comparison the idea of difference doesn’t become as ground breaking and instead the new normal. Consequently, the press and also her audience may become bored of this idea of difference leading to a decline in popularity. As well as this, it again raises what the future may hold for the music industry. If teenagers are growing up yearning to be different yet the same as their idols it shows that how in the future we may e moving to an even more on sided one dimension celebrity culture where everyone is essentially the same yet trivially different to everyone else. Examples can be seen through the latest artists created through the X Factor USA especially in the Girl’s category. Similarities have been spotted between Cece Frey and Ke$ha. The way in which she is creating an animal branding to herself is incredibly similar to Ke$ha when she first began. This creates the allusion that Cece is different to her counterparts where in fact she is not as she still sings mainstream music. Gaga is known to be one of the acts to lead the way in this brand and cult establishment for fans and since her success, the X Factor is one of the singing talent shows which have followed her in doing the same thing to their contestants. A contestant with a sob story is more likely to do better than say a contestant with a quality voice. By having a story behind them, contestants can engage with their audiences and manipulate their emotions leading to them becoming more relatable to their audience. This raises how the music industry has become less about the music and rather the personality attached to it showing how it has evolved. A whole package is what budding artists need to be rather than just having the voice and in the future, people with real talent will be less represented. * Marketing and promotion is a way in which Lady Gaga spreads awareness of her design to establish and maintain the relationship she had with her fans. She achieves this in two main ways including social media and music videos, other ways are concerts, publicity stunts, merchandise and albums. Firstly modern day pop stars because of its accessibility and also how it allows direct contact between celebrities and their fans use social media widely. Twitter is a medium, which Gaga uses frequently. She was the first user to reach 10 million followers in May 2010 and had consistently been the top most viewed profile on the website. Despite sending on average 2 tweets a day, â€Å"Goodnight little monsters† is an example of a tweet which enables her to maintain this important relationship she had with her fans. Tweets like this make her fans believe they are part of her life and also that she cares about them. Consequently, fans feel special and buy into the idea of supporting her. Now, especially with the feature of Twitter with the ability to send tweets straight to mobile phones, a close bond between her and her fans is established because it makes them believe she is talking to the specially. As well as Twitter, her website is a way in which she targets her fanbase alone. It is by invite only, which is significant because it makes fans feel part of her inner circle and therefore increasing the closeness fans feel of the relationship. Also because she targets those who are different and on the fringe of society, and therefore presumed to be not included, by including them she is making sure that they feel included. She plays on the insecurity in everyone in that we have a desire to be included and therefore develops the idea she cares for the genuinely and in return should support her. Music videos are another way Gaga develops a relationship with her fans. Her music video for Telephone is a great example. 9 minutes in length, it had multiple occasions of product placement such as Wonder White Bread or HP Computers. Both of these features increase the views of her video and therefore awareness of her because it is different. The more views a music video has the more likely it will appear as a promoted video. This attracts more people that are not necessarily in her fanbase already and allows for more people to become her fans. Particularly the product placement, which turns her video into a game where people spot the different brands, views and awareness, is definitely achieved. Though product placement has a direct link to a profit motive, it also helps Gaga to develop a relationship with her fans. By promoting certain brands, her fans are more inclined to purchase them as they feel if they do they are better fans or similar to Gaga as they consume and like the same products. Meanwhile, those companies as well as Gaga are further benefiting financially from it. As well as that because her music videos are usually released to her website first rather than the likes of MTV. She is further improving the relationship because she is showing them that she really cares about them and is therefore rewarding their support with something tangible before the rest of the world. There are again several implications from her marketing and promotion. Firstly, the idea of social media pacing the way for a false relationship between idols and their fans has its own implication. The idea that an idol will reply to your tweets can be likened to a carrot analogy. The accessibility of social networking sites makes fans believe that one day they will notice them, if not today then tomorrow or the next day. This creates a false perception of the relationship fans have with Gaga. In the meantime, by using social networking sites they are freely promoting Gaga as a brand and as a product. Therefore it shows how Gaga is the one benefiting form the use of social networking financially where as the fans are being taken advantage of due to their free publicity for her. What used to be the job of management companies and what they had to pay thousands for in the past can now be done for free by her fans. Additionally, social media fosters the idea that pop stars are working for them. This is because when artists leak things like album artwork, or snippets of new songs, they automatically get feedback on social networking sites without directly asking for it and make changes accordingly. As a result, fans believe that their artist work to please them and because they are so wrapped up in the idea of them they ignore the real purpose behind the changes which is to increase sales and financial return for her record label and herself leading to manipulation of the trust between Gaga and her fans. Other pop acts such as Justin Bieber and One Direction use them in similar ways. Furthermore, there are social worries attached to this use of social media. There is a distortion of the idea that teenagers actually have this connection with their idols where in fact they haven’t. There then becomes a dependency of them on their idols with some fans even going as far as saying â€Å"Gaga saved my life† or similar claims. This is an issue due to the impacts this could have on them if their idol was to not be in the industry anymore. Besides other artists utilising social media for promotion and marketing of themselves, businesses have also followed Gaga in this way. Large businesses in New Zealand from banks such as ASB with 6300 followers to Vodafone with over 23 and a half thousand followers are beginning to capitalise on the use of social media for business also. E-commerce has become a huge part of business and more and more companies are aiming to create the relationship with their audience and target markets through these social media outlets in the effort to become more relatable and ultimately earn more sales from it. A issue becomes prominent as society becomes too over exposed to commercialisation and it becomes less about the product itself but how it’s sold to us sways whether we purchase it or not. Music videos also have their own implications. As said in an article by Jezbel. com, â€Å"If anything, he video simply amplifies what music videos have been all along: a giant commercial for an artist to sell records with† and this is more than true with Gaga but as well as selling music, music videos are also helping he sell concert tickets. Concerts are where the majority of the money is made in the modern industry due to the increase in piracy. Consequently, her music videos become promotion to her concerts and activitely act as a preview of what you can expect from her concert. An example would be the costume changes throughout her video for telephone. She changes from a telephone headpiece to a leopard print leotard. The multiple costume changes not only put into practice what she preaches but it becomes a preview of what fans can expect from her concerts which is excessive costume changes. This ultimately shows how the more physical products music artists make, the more they are just trying to increase their sales of other things in the effort to earn more money from their fans. The same conclusion could then be drawn from the latest thing of having lyric videos for singles could just be an encouragement for fans to purchase something else to increase the commercial success for artists and their labels. This raises a more significant implication of how more and more mediums are being created for fans to buy into and the impulsive buying from fans are further increasing the profits made from Gaga as a brand. Fans tend to buy merchandise and anything with their idols on them in the effort to prove they are the biggest fans and again like music, they are tangible things in which artists sell and no doubt contributed to Gaga’s $90 million dollar profit last year (according to Forbes).